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1.媒體來源:

business insider


2.完整新聞標題:

One developed country is moving back to coal


某個已開發國家又轉回燃煤發電的老路


3.完整新聞內文:

*Japan is moving back to coal.

日本又重新擁抱燃煤發電了

*The move would make 26% of the country's electricity come from coal by 2030.

打算在2030年前，把該國電力來源26%都轉為燃煤發電

*A 2011 meltdown at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station partly
spurred the policy change.

福島事故使得原先的能源政策大轉向

*The coal industry may actually be revived for the moment, as China and
India are also using more coal.

印度和中國對煤礦的需求量增也增加了，煤炭業復甦前景可期


As the developed world moves farther and farther away from coal-fired energy,
one major economy is breaking the trend. Japan, in a move that few could have
foreseen, has opened at least eight brand new coal-burning power plants in
the last two years and has plans for at least 36 more in the next ten years.


在已開發國家都朝無煤化發電方向發展時，某個主要經濟體打破了這趨勢

日本，毫無預期的在這兩年內新建了8座燃煤發電廠，並計畫在往後十年另外新建36座


This ambitious return to coal far outstrips any other developed nation, and
it's only speeding up. Last month the Japanese government made major
advancements to officially adopt a national energy plan that would see 26
percent of the country's total electricity come from coal in 2030, directly
contradicting a previous directive to cut back coal usage to just 10 percent
of total electricity.


上個月日本通過新的能源規劃，打算在2030年前把燃煤發電量提升至總量的26%

之前規劃 壓低燃煤發電到總發電量10%  徹底翻盤



One major reason for the stark turnaround in policy is the 2011 meltdown at
the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. The tragedy provided a huge blow
to the Japanese public's support for nuclear energy. After the Fukushima
disaster, all 54 of Japan's nuclear reactors were shut down as they awaited
new rigorous safety standards. To date, just seven of the 54 have reopened
for business. In order to fulfill demand, the nation has turned to natural
gas and, more surprisingly, coal.


主要原因之一是福島事故衝擊了日本公眾對核能的支持，當時日本全國54個核反應堆全
數關閉 等待 新的安全標準通過

迄今為止，54個核反應堆只有7個重啟商業營運

為了滿足能源需求，該國轉向了天然氣和......更讓人意外的燃煤


However, despite all the love lost for nuclear, there are also plenty of
critics to Japan's new direction, who say that the government is being weak
on renewables and that the return to coal guarantees a major rise in air
pollution, standing in direct conflict with Japan's pledges to cut its
greenhouse gas emissions. As it stands now, the country is responsible for a
whopping 4 percent of global emissions, and that's before the impending
construction of 36 coal plants over the next decade.


日本政府的新能源方針也引起不少批評，比如說政府發展綠能發電的力度不足

又或者重新轉向燃煤發電，引發的嚴重空汙就違背了減少溫室效應氣體排放的國際協議

(按照協議)，目前日本需負責減排 溫室效應氣體總量的4%


In addition to its bullish building plans, Japan is also backing off on
previous promises to shutter existing coal facilities. Instead of looking to
clean up coal and invest in aging infrastructure, local power company
Electric Power Development Co Ltd. recently announced that they would forgo a
previously announced plan to replace two ageing coal-fired power plants with
newer, more efficient facilities in the Takasago region of Western Japan.
Instead of moving forward with their plans to construct two 600-megawatt (MW)
coal-fired power generation units the company will continue to use facilities
that are now nearly 50 years old.


除了加速建設燃煤電廠的計畫外，日本也放棄了先前 要關閉既存煤電廠的承諾

以 "清潔燃煤" 與 更新老化的設備 代之


日本電源開發股份有限公司 (日本最大的特許發電發電業者) 打算繼續使用
已運轉50年的 高砂火力發電廠，並引進更新，發電效率更高的設備

放棄另外新建兩座600MW燃煤機組的計畫


Japan's hunger for coal is not purely domestic--last month the government of
Wyoming announced that the Japan Coal Energy Center and Kawasaki Heavy
Industries intend to spend $9 million in grant funding for research of carbon
capture near the U.S. city of Gillette. Japan's relationship with Wyoming
coal, however, is nothing new. In 2016 Wyoming governor Matt Mead signed an
agreement to collaborate with the Japan Coal Energy Center for coal research
and technology. As the U.S. continues to move away from coal despite the
administration's coal-positive rhetoric, the interest and research money
coming from Japan is a breath of fresh air in a dying industry.

日本對煤礦的需求不只放眼國內，也把垂涎的目光放到了海外

上個月日本煤礦能源中心與川崎重工宣布將在懷俄明州政府投資900萬美元研究
碳減排技術


日本與懷俄明州煤業也不是第一天扯上關係了，早在2016年，懷俄明州長就

與日本煤能中心簽署了研發與技術合作協議


雖然美國政府嘴巴說看好煤業前景，但實際上仍積極擺脫對煤電的依賴

來自日本的投資使這個垂死的產業有了新的希望


In addition to their research on carbon innovations in Wyoming, Japan is also
looking for other ways to greenify coal, including looking into the fossil
fuel as a possible source of energy for hydrogen-powered cars. In fact,
Japanese engineering firm Kawasaki Heavy Industries has partnered with
Australia to turn their cheap coal into hydrogen gas in a new Melbourne-based
$390m pilot plant.


除了懷俄明州的案例，日本也在尋找其他 "綠化" 煤能的手段，包含將石化能源

納入氫動能車的可能選項，實際上日本川崎重工正與澳洲政府合作

打算在墨爾本投資3.9億美元，建設 將 劣質煤碳轉化為氫氣的實驗工廠


Just a few years ago, any expert would have told you that Japan's coal
industry was on its last legs as well. The nation was leaning heavily into
nuclear power, with plans to cut by half what was a 25 percent dependency on
coal in 2010 and increase atomic energy from 29 percent to 50 percent by
2030. Now, that trend has done a full 180° .


不過幾年前的光景，任何專家都會跟你講 日本的煤業壽命將盡，這個國家正大力投入

核能的開發，計畫至少在2010年前將核電佔比提至25%，2030年將佔比提升至50%

現在風向整個180度大轉彎


Unlike other developed nations that now depend heavily on cheap natural gas,
for Japan the math works out to coal's benefit. Since the island nation has
to import natural gas in its relatively pricey liquid form, coal is the more
fiscally savvy option.

不像其他已開發國家重度依賴廉價的天然氣，對日本而言，轉向煤電是更有利的選擇

因為這個島國需要以相對昂貴的液態形式進口天然氣，算算煤電還是比較划算


So far, the turn has been a boon to the economy. In one example, Japanese
trading house Itochu Corp recently announced a 13.7 percent boost in annual
net profit, and they attribute a large portion of it to higher coal prices
thanks to the newfound demand. They've predicted that the current financial
year will also be one of their best.


到目前為止，這個轉向對經濟是個福音

伊藤忠最近宣布年淨利上漲13.7%，歸因於因重新轉向燃煤而上漲的煤價

並預期本財年的表現將是歷年來數一數二


Against all odds, coal is making a comeback in at least one major global
market, and with China and India (two of the largest markets in the world)
continuing to depend heavily on coal, it looks like the once-ailing industry
may have some life left in it after all.

綜上所述，煤碳看起來將在一個主要市場(日本)捲土重來

至於中國和印度(兩個最大的煤碳市場) 仍然重度依賴煤碳能源

看來這個奄奄一息的行業還有些生機


4.完整新聞連結 (或短網址):

http://www.businessinsider.com/japan-moving-back-to-coal-2018-5


5.備註:


口嫌言體正直？



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