看板 Hindi
作者 標題 [轉寄][新聞] 印度流行剖腹產
時間 2010年10月17日 Sun. AM 09:45:01
閱讀英文版
印度流行剖腹產
Eric Bellman
華爾街日報 2010年 10月 14日 08:39
34歲的瓦瑪(Ruchira Varmaa)在孟買一家布匹出口公司擔任主管。在她發現自己懷孕的時
候﹐她的婚姻已經陷入了危機。她不知道該如何是好﹐於是去咨詢了占星家的意見﹐她在
面臨人生的重大抉擇時往往都會這麼做。
占星家說﹐只要孩子出生在她預產期前後的三個吉日中的一天﹐瓦瑪和孩子將會平安無事
。於是﹐她做出了這樣的選擇──醫生們稱當下越來越多的印度中產階級也正在這麼做:
為了讓孩子出生在選定的吉日﹐進行剖腹產。
瓦瑪說﹐準確定時的生產不僅讓她擁有了一個可愛的女兒﹐而且還讓她的生活回到了正軌
。她的事業蒸蒸日上﹐身體狀況比以前好了﹐而且她短暫的包辦婚姻也以和平分手的方式
劃上了句號。
瓦瑪說﹐我不想讓我的壞運氣影響到孩子。如果出生時太陽和月亮的位置是合適的﹐那麼
孩子就會有幸福的人生﹐甚至連媽媽的命運也會因此而變好。
印度人總是會咨詢他們的智者──這些人通常會夜觀天象──以求得舉行婚禮口生意簽約
﹐甚至是何時踏上火車開始長途旅行的最佳時機。印度人非常看重星象時機﹐每當星鬥連
成一線時﹐舉行婚禮的人數便會激增﹐在孟買和新德里等印度城市﹐成千上萬個婚禮會在
同一天里舉行。
幾百年來﹐印度人一直向占星家咨詢懷孕的最佳時機。如今﹐隨著收入的增加和醫療條件
的改善﹐很多人也會帶著占星家的意見去和婦產科醫師商定生產的最佳時機。
孟買婦產科醫師派(Rishma Dhillon Pai)說﹐在過去三年里﹐這種做法變得日益普遍。幾
乎所有人都願意選擇生產的時機。這很奇怪﹐因為你也許會認為隨著我們變得越來越現代
﹐這樣的事情會發生得少一些。
儘管沒有數據表明人們通過占星決定剖腹產時機的頻繁程度﹐但在印度接受剖腹產手術的
孕婦數量卻在急速攀升。上世紀90年代初期﹐城市醫院中剖腹產的比例大約為5%﹐現在則
超過了20%﹐醫生們說﹐這在一定程度上是因為人們的收入提高了﹐醫療保健服務也變得
更加普及。
在美國﹐剖腹產的比例從1998年的21%上升到了30%以上。醫生們說﹐原因是步入中年和體
重超標的母親增多了﹐另外就是人們對醫療事故的擔憂。
儘管絕大多數印度人還是傾向於自然分娩﹐但醫生們說﹐在接受剖腹產手術的人群中﹐因
占星而選擇剖腹產的比例已經從十年前的1/10躍升至現在的1/2。通常來說﹐只有在剖腹
產成為一種必要措施的時候﹐人們才去選擇具體生產的時間。但醫生們說﹐到現在﹐越來
越多的婦女都會在根本沒有醫學必要的情況下選擇剖腹產。
哪怕提前一個星期將胎兒剖出也可能會導致併發症﹐舉例來說﹐嬰兒可能會出現呼吸問題
﹐因為他的肺還沒有發育完全。產婦感染、失血甚至死亡的風險也會加大﹐因為剖腹產是
通過外科手術在腹部切口將胎兒取出。
大多數印度醫生表示﹐他們會拒絕不必要的剖腹產要求。不過﹐他們也表示﹐如果一名產
婦說自己痛閾較低的話﹐找一位同意給她做手術的醫生還是相對容易的。
印度婦產科學會聯盟(Federation of Obstetric and Gynecological Societies of
India)主席古提(Sanjay Gupte)說﹐儘管我們並不十分讚成產婦擇吉時吉日生產的做法﹐
但我們還是會順勢而為。我們又能怎麼樣呢口畢竟﹐這是嬰兒父母的想法。
這給醫生和醫院增添了額外的壓力。孟買婦產科醫師派說﹐有人曾在凌晨三點半請她去做
剖腹產手術﹐因為他們認為這是吉時。
最初她拒絕了這一要求﹐後來卻接到了這對準父母很多有影響力的朋友的電話﹐最終就只
好同意了。
派說﹐她只會在剖腹產確屬必要的情況下才會那麼做。但是﹐只要產婦給她幾個時間選擇
﹐而且所謂吉時的時間段盡可能長的話﹐她會允許她們選擇生產的時機。派說﹐一對有錢
的夫婦曾堅持要求讓他們的孩子在11:00到11:15之間出生。她定好了手術室的時間﹐但是
當前面的一個手術出現拖延後﹐她不得不緊趕時間﹐勉強在11:15之前完成了手術。
她說﹐那種壓力實在是太大了。我可不想經歷那樣的事情。
印度的智者們說﹐他們發現﹐要求選擇最佳生產日期的人越來越多。他們說﹐調整生產的
時機並不一定會改變命運﹐因為出生在生日可以選擇的時代也是命運的一部分。
在印度占星術中﹐就連出生的分鐘也很重要。在印度家庭為兒女尋找合適伴侶的徵婚廣告
和網站上﹐兒女出生的具體時間通常被提及﹐為的就是檢驗星象是否匹配。因為吉星和煞
星總有盈缺變化﹐每天都會創造出美好和糟糕的組合﹐幾分鐘時間的差別就能夠從理論上
成就或者毀掉一個人。
追求吉時的母親們表示﹐生個得到星座庇佑的孩子可能會帶來巨大的好處﹐超過了她們對
剖腹產併發症的擔憂。
坎瓦爾(Sonali Kanwar)是一名34歲的家庭主婦﹐在聽取了占星家的建議後提前一週把兒
子生了出來﹐為的是趕上吉日。儘管她並不相信一些占星家所說的選擇適當的生產時機會
讓孩子長大後生活富有、身材高大﹐但她說﹐她希望給予孩子一切可能的幫助。
她說﹐我兒子出生的時候體重不足。但16個月來﹐他長得很快﹐體格發育也完全正常。知
道兒子是在一個吉祥的日子來到了這個世界上﹐讓我感到安心和快樂。
占星家說﹐選擇適當的生產時機可以幫助人們達到各種各樣的目的﹐從生一個更漂亮的孩
子﹐到生一個文靜聽話的孩子﹐甚至長大後當一名好演員﹐如此等等﹐無所不包。但是孟
買占星家薩克塞納(Geetanjali Saxena)表示﹐大多數父母並沒有那麼具體的要求。他們
為孩子咨詢最佳的出生時機﹐為的是讓他擁有所有的一切。
薩克塞納說﹐如今人們生的孩子比以前少了﹐所以就希望給孩子最好的東西。 印度人的
競爭意識很強。
Moms-To-Be Consult Their Astrologers
Eric Bellman
WSJ.com 2010年 10月 14日 08:39
http://cn.wsj.com/big5/20101014/ahd084605_ENversion.shtml
Ruchira Varmaa's marriage was already in trouble when she found out she was pregnant. She didn't know what to do, so, as with most life decisions, she consulted her astrologer.
Ms. Varmaa and her child would be fine, the astrologer said, as long as the baby was born on one of three mahurats, or auspicious days, near her due date. She then did what doctors say an increasing number of middle-class Indians are doing these days: She scheduled a caesarean section in order to nail that good-luck date.
The perfectly timed birth not only gave her a wonderful daughter, Ms. Varmaa says, but also got her own life back on track. Her career and health have improved and her brief, arranged marriage has ended in an amicable divorce.
'I didn't want my bad luck to affect the child,' says Ms. Varmaa, 34 years old, a director for a clothing exporter in Mumbai. 'If the position of the sun and moon are right, then the baby has a good life and even the mother's life improves.'
Indians have always consulted their gurus -- who usually look to the stars -- for the best times for marriage ceremonies, business deals or even when to step on the train for a long trip. Astrological timing is so important that when the stars align, India sees an explosion of weddings, with tens of thousands of ceremonies taking place on the same day in cities like Mumbai or New Delhi.
Indians have been asking astrologers for the perfect time to conceive for centuries. Now, with rising incomes and improved access to health care, many take their gurus' advice to their gynecologists to decide birth times as well.
'In the last three years, it has become rampant. Almost everyone prefers to choose timing,' says Rishma Dhillon Pai, a Mumbai-based gynecologist. 'It's strange, because you would think that as we grow more modern, this kind of thing would happen less.'
While there are no data on how often C-section timings are decided by astrology, the number of caesarean deliveries has surged in India. In the early 1990s, around 5% of births in urban hospitals were caesarean. Today more than 20% are, doctors say, in part because of higher incomes and wider access to health care.
In the U.S., the frequency of caesarean sections has risen to more than 30% of births, from around 21% in 1998. The rise has been driven by increases in the number of middle-age mothers and overweight mothers, according to doctors, as well as malpractice concerns.
While the vast majority of Indians still prefer natural birth, doctors say the number of caesarean sections where cosmic timing is a factor has jumped from perhaps one-in-10 a decade ago to as many as one-in-two today. Usually, the timing is chosen only after a C-section has been deemed necessary. But doctors say a growing number of women are opting for the procedure when there is no medical need.
Moving a birth up by even one week can lead to complications such as breathing problems in babies whose lungs have not fully developed. Mothers face increased risk of infection, blood loss and even death from the procedure, which delivers the baby through a surgical incision.
Most Indian doctors say they refuse requests for unnecessary caesareans. But they say it's still relatively easy to find doctors who will agree to do them if the mother-to-be says she has a low pain threshold.
'We are not terribly happy with the trend of patients giving birth to babies according to an auspicious time and day, but we go with the flow,' says Sanjay Gupte, president of the Federation of Obstetric and Gynecological Societies of India. 'What can we do? It's the parent's belief, after all.'
This has put extra pressure on doctors and hospitals. Mumbai gynecologist Ms. Pai said she was asked to do a C-section at 3:30 a.m. because the hour was deemed auspicious.
She initially refused, but got so many calls from powerful friends of the parents that she agreed to do it.
Ms. Pai says she will only do the procedure if necessary. However, she allows patients to pick the time as long as they give her a few options and as big a window as possible. One wealthy Mumbai family insisted that their baby be delivered between 11:00 and 11:15 a.m., says Ms. Pai. She blocked extra time in the operating room, but when an earlier operation went long, she had to rush and barely met the deadline.
'The pressure was tremendous,' she says. 'That is not a situation I want to be in.'
Gurus say they have also seen a surge in requests to choose the best birth dates. They say adjusting the time of birth is not necessarily tampering with fate because being born at a time when you can choose a birth date is also part of fate.
In Indian astrology, even the minute of birth is important. Matrimonial ads and websites where Indian families search for suitable mates for their children usually mention the exact time of birth to check cosmic compatibility. As the good and bad planets are always waxing and waning, creating both wonderful and awful combinations each day, a few minutes here or there could theoretically make or break a person.
Mahurat mothers say the large potential benefits of having a child blessed by the stars outweigh concern about potential complications from a caesarean.
Sonali Kanwar, a 34-year-old stay-at-home mother, followed the advice of her astrologer and moved her son's birth date up by a week to catch a sweet spot on the calendar. While she doesn't believe the claims of some gurus that the right timing can ensure you have a boy who will grow up to be rich and tall, she says, she wanted to give her baby any help she could.
'My son was underweight when he was born. But 16 months on he is now thriving and perfectly sized,' she says. 'It gives me peace of mind and happiness to know that my son came into the world on a good day.'
Astrologers say the right timing can do everything from create a more beautiful child to one that is quiet or obedient or even a good actor. Most parents aren't that specific, though, says Geetanjali Saxena, a Mumbai astrologer. They ask for the best timing for their child to have it all.
'People are having fewer babies today, so they want the very best for their children,' says Ms. Saxena. 'Indians are very competitive.'
--
就就是是你你 ☆∴_∴★
我我的的印印度度語語版版
來來跟跟隨隨BonneCherie吧吧 http://disp.cc/b/Hindi
▃▂▃▄▃▂▁▁▂▃▄▂
--
※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc)
◆ From: 61.230.196.109
※ 編輯: BonneCherie 來自: 61.230.196.109 (10/17 09:43)
--
※ 來源: Disp BBS 看板: Hindi 文章連結: http://disp.cc/b/145-F00.dynamic.hinet.net
※ 編輯: BonneCherie 時間: 2010-10-18 11:00:44 來自: 61-230-196-109.dynamic.hinet.net
※ 看板: Hindi 文章推薦值: 0 目前人氣: 0 累積人氣: 254
回列表(←)
分享